CentralNotice From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation , search Matrix chain multiplication (or Matrix Chain Ordering Problem, MCOP) is an optimization problem that can be solved using dynamic programming . Given a sequence of matrices, the goal is to find the most efficient way to multiply these matrices . The problem is not actually to perform the multiplications, but merely to decide the sequence of the matrix multiplications involved. We have many options because matrix multiplication is associative . In other words, no matter how we parenthesize the product, the result obtained will remain the same. For example, if we had four matrices A , B , C , and D , we would have: (( AB ) C ) D = (( A ( BC )) D ) = ( AB )( CD ) = A (( BC ) D ) = A ( B ( CD )). However, the order in which we parenthesize the product affects the number of simple arithmetic ...

CentralNotice From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation , search The friendship paradox is the phenomenon first observed by the sociologist Scott L. Feld in 1991 that most people have fewer friends than their friends have, on average. [ 1 ] It can be explained as a form of sampling bias in which people with greater numbers of friends have an increased likelihood of being observed among one's own friends. In contradiction to this, most people believe that they have more friends than their friends have. [ 2 ] The same observation can be applied more generally to social networks defined by other relations than friendship: for instance, most people's sexual partners have had (on the average) a greater number of sexual partners than they have. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] 1 Mathematical explanation 2 Intuitive explanation 3 Applications 4 See also 5 References 6 E...

CentralNotice From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation , search Potatoes The Potato Paradox is a mathematical calculation that has a counter-intuitive result. The "paradox" involves dehydrating potatoes by a seemingly minuscule amount, and then calculating a change in mass which is larger than expected. This is not to be confused for the Potato-Effect, which is sometimes known as the Potato Paradox, and is actually an economical paradox that was discovered in the potato-famine in Ireland in the 1840s. [ 1 ] 1 Description 2 Explanation 3 See also 4 References 5 External links Description [ edit ] The paradox has been described as: You have 100 lbs of Martian potatoes, which are 99 percent water by weight. You let them dehydrate until they're 98 percent water. How much do they weigh now? The Universal Book of Mathematics states the p...

CentralNotice From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation , search "ZKP" redirects here. For the airport in Russia, see Zyryanka Airport . In cryptography , a zero-knowledge proof or zero-knowledge protocol is a method by which one party (the prover ) can prove to another party (the verifier ) that a given statement is true, without conveying any information apart from the fact that the statement is indeed true. If proving the statement requires knowledge of some secret information on the part of the prover, the definition implies that the verifier will not be able to prove the statement in turn to anyone else, since the verifier does not possess the secret information. Notice that the statement being proved must include the assertion that the prover has such knowledge (otherwise, the statement would not be proved in zero-knowledge, since at the end of th...

CentralNotice From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation , search This diagram shows how the fly and sound behaviour of an animal can be designed in a flexible way by using the composition over inheritance design principle. [ 1 ] Composition over inheritance (or Composite Reuse Principle ) in object-oriented programming is the principle that classes should achieve polymorphic behavior and code reuse by composition (containing other classes that implement the desired functionality), instead of through inheritance (being a subclass). [ 2 ] This is an often-stated principle of OOP, such as in the influential Design Patterns : "Favor 'object composition' over 'class inheritance'." [ 3 ] Some languages, notably Go , use type composition exclusively. 1 Basics 2 Example 2.1 Inheritance 2.2 Composition and interfaces 3 Benefits 4 Drawbacks 5 ...

CentralNotice From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation , search "Diaoyutai" redirects here. For the Chinese state guesthouse, see Diaoyutai State Guesthouse . Senkaku Islands Disputed islands Other names: Japanese : 尖閣諸島 (Senkaku Islands) Chinese : 釣魚台列嶼 (Tiaoyutai Islands) or 钓鱼岛及其附属岛屿 (Diaoyu Islands) Pinnacle Islands Location of the islands (yellow rectangle and inset). Geography Location Pacific Ocean Coordinates 25°44′41.49″N 123°28′29.79″E  /  25.7448583°N 123.4749417°E  / 25.7448583; 123.4749417 Total islands 5 + 3 rocks Major islands Uotsuri-shima / Diaoyu Dao Taishō-tō / Chiwei Yu Kuba-shima / Huangwei Yu Kita-Kojima / Bei Xiaodao Minami-Kojima / Nan Xiaodao Area 7 square kilometres (1,700 acres) Administered by Japan City Ishigaki , Okinawa [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Claimed by Japan City Ishigaki...

CentralNotice From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation , search This article may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards . The specific problem is: tone and organization need cleanup . Please help improve this article if you can. (September 2012) A moe girl Part of a series on Anime and Manga Anime History Industry Original net animation Original video animation Fansub Fandub Companies Longest series Manga History International market Mangaka ( list ) Dōjinshi Scanlation Publishers Best-selling series Longest series Alternative Demographic groups Children Shōnen Shōjo Seinen Josei Genres Harem Magical girl Mecha Yaoi Yuri Others Selected biographies Mitsuru Adachi Fujio Akatsuka George Akiyama Hideaki Anno Hideo Azuma Clamp Osamu Dezaki Hisashi Eguchi Tetsuo Har...

CentralNotice From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation , search This article needs attention from an expert in Programming languages . Please add a reason or a talk parameter to this template to explain the issue with the article. WikiProject Programming languages (or its Portal ) may be able to help recruit an expert. (September 2009) Blocks are a nonstandard extension added by Apple Inc. to their implementations of the C , C++ , and Objective-C programming languages that uses a lambda expression -like syntax to create closures within these languages. Blocks are supported for programs developed for Mac OS X 10.6+ and iOS 4.0+, [ 1 ] although third-party runtimes allow use on Mac OS X 10.5 and iOS 2.2+. [ 2 ] Apple designed blocks with the explicit goal of making it easier to write programs for the Grand Central Dispatch threading architecture,...

CentralNotice From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation , search The Jester th3j35t3r Nationality American Occupation Grey hat hacktivist Known for Hacking Anti-American, jihadist, and homophobic websites Website http://jesterscourt.cc/ The Jester (also known by the leetspeak handle th3j35t3r [ 1 ] ) is a computer vigilante [ 2 ] who describes himself as grey hat [ 3 ] hacktivist . [ 4 ] He claims to be responsible for attacks [ 4 ] on WikiLeaks , [ 5 ] 4chan , [ 6 ] Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad , [ 5 ] and Islamist websites. [ 7 ] He claims to be acting out of American patriotism . [ 8 ] The Jester uses a denial-of-service (DoS) tool known as "XerXeS", that he claims to have developed. [ 5 ] One of The Jester's habits is to tweet "TANGO DOWN" on Twitter whenever he successfully takes down a website. [ 6 ] 1 His...

CentralNotice From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation , search Kyron Horman The last photograph taken of Kyron Horman, during his school's science fair on June 4, 2010. Kyron disappeared within an hour of when this photo was taken. [ 1 ] Born Kyron Horman ( 2002-09-09 ) September 9, 2002 Portland, Oregon , United States Disappeared June 4, 2010 (aged 7) Portland, Oregon , United States Status Missing for 4 years, 9 months and 17 days Nationality American Education Skyline Elementary School Parent(s) Kaine Horman (father) Desiree Young (mother) Kyron Horman is an American boy who became, at the age of 7, a missing person when he did not return home from Skyline Elementary School in Portland, Oregon , on June 4, 2010. [ 2 ] Local and state police along with the FBI conducted an exhaustive search for the boy and launche...

CentralNotice From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation , search This is a list of people who disappeared mysteriously , and whose current whereabouts are unknown or whose deaths are not substantiated, as well as a few cases of people whose disappearance was notable and remained mysterious for a long time, but was eventually explained. 1 Before 1800 2 1800 to 1899 3 1900s 4 1910s 5 1920s 6 1930s 7 1940s 7.1 1941 7.2 1944 7.3 1945 7.4 1946 7.5 1947 7.6 1948 7.7 1949 8 1950s 9 1960s 10 1970s 10.1 1970 10.2 1971 10.3 1972 10.4 1973 10.5 1974 10.6 1975 10.7 1976 10.8 1977 10.9 1978 10.10 1979 11 1980s 11.1 1980 11.2 1981 11.3 1982 11.4 1983 11.5 1984 11.6 1985 11.7 1986 11.8 1987 11.9 1988 11.10 1989 12 1990s 12.1 1990 12.2 1991 12.3 1992 12.4 1994 12.5 1995 12.6 1996 12.7 1997 12.8 1998 13 2000s ...

CentralNotice From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation , search Coordinates : 48°44′N 123°06′W  /  48.73°N 123.1°W  / 48.73; -123.1 Locations of Salish Sea foot discoveries through May, 2014 Since August 20, 2007, several detached human feet have been discovered on the coasts of the Salish Sea in British Columbia , Canada and Washington , United States. The feet belonged to five men, one woman, and three other people of unknown sex. Of the ten or eleven feet found, only two have been left feet. Both of those were matched with right feet. As of February 2012, only five feet of four people have been identified; it is not known to whom the rest of the feet belong. In addition, several hoax feet have been planted in the area. 1 Discoveries 1.1 Hoaxes 2 Proposed explanations 3 Level of rarity 4 Media reaction 5 References 6 External ...

CentralNotice From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation , search This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (July 2013) A typical Adirondack chair The Adirondack chair (or the Muskoka chair in Canada) is a simple rustic wooden chair for outdoor use. Originally made with 11 flat wooden boards, it features a straight back and seat and wide armrests. 1 Origin 1.1 Today 2 See also 3 References Origin [ edit ] The first Adirondack chair was designed by Thomas Lee while vacationing in Westport , New York , in the Adirondack Mountains in 1903. Needing outdoor chairs for his summer home, he tested his early efforts on his family. After arriving at a final design for a "Westport plank chair," he...

CentralNotice From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation , search Not to be confused with linear discriminant analysis . In natural language processing , latent Dirichlet allocation ( LDA ) is a generative model that allows sets of observations to be explained by unobserved groups that explain why some parts of the data are similar. For example, if observations are words collected into documents, it posits that each document is a mixture of a small number of topics and that each word's creation is attributable to one of the document's topics. LDA is an example of a topic model and was first presented as a graphical model for topic discovery by David Blei , Andrew Ng , and Michael Jordan in 2003. [ 1 ] 1 Topics in LDA 2 Model 2.1 Mathematical definition 3 Inference 4 Applications, extensions and similar techniques 5 See also 6 Notes 7 Exter...

CentralNotice From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Major-General ) Jump to: navigation , search For the 17th century Cromwellian regime, see Rule of the Major-Generals . For the song in Gilbert and Sullivan 's The Pirates of Penzance , see Major-General's Song . Common military ranks in English Navies Armies Air forces Commissioned officers Admiral of the fleet Marshal or Field marshal Marshal of the air force Admiral General Air chief marshal Vice admiral Lieutenant general Air marshal Rear admiral Major general Air vice-marshal Commodore Brigadier or Brigadier general Air commodore Captain Colonel Group captain Commander Lieutenant colonel Wing commander Lieutenant commander Major or Commandant Squadron leader Lieutenant Captain Flight lieutenant Sub-lieutenant Lieutenant or Firs...

CentralNotice n From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation , search This article is about the problem in classical mechanics. For the problem in quantum mechanics, see Many-body problem . For engineering problems and simulations involving many components, see Multibody system and Multibody simulation . In physics , the n -body problem is the problem of predicting the individual motions of a group of celestial objects interacting with each other gravitationally . [ 1 ] Solving this problem has been motivated by the desire to understand the motions of the Sun , Moon , planets and the visible stars . In the 20th century, understanding the dynamics of globular cluster star systems became an important n -body problem. [ 2 ] The n -body problem in general relativity is considerably more difficult to solve. The classical physical problem can be informally sta...

CentralNotice n From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation , search This article is about the problem in classical mechanics. For the problem in quantum mechanics, see Many-body problem . For engineering problems and simulations involving many components, see Multibody system and Multibody simulation . In physics , the n -body problem is the problem of predicting the individual motions of a group of celestial objects interacting with each other gravitationally . [ 1 ] Solving this problem has been motivated by the desire to understand the motions of the Sun , Moon , planets and the visible stars . In the 20th century, understanding the dynamics of globular cluster star systems became an important n -body problem. [ 2 ] The n -body problem in general relativity is considerably more difficult to solve. The classical physical problem can be informally sta...

CentralNotice From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation , search Listen to this article ( info/dl ) Sorry, your browser either has JavaScript disabled or does not have any supported player. You can download the clip or download a player to play the clip in your browser. This audio file was created from a revision of the " Bhutanese passport " article dated 2013-06-01, and does not reflect subsequent edits to the article. ( Audio help ) More spoken articles Bhutanese passport The front cover of a Bhutanese passport Issued by Bhutan Type of document Passport Purpose Identification Eligibility requirements Bhutanese Citizen A Bhutanese passport is a document which authorises and facilitates travel and other activities in Bhutan or by Bhutanese citizens. In the Kingdom of Bumthang , which constitutes a part of moder...

CentralNotice From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation , search It has been suggested that this article be merged with Linux kernel . ( Discuss ) Proposed since November 2011. Most of the Linux 2.6 and 3.x kernels include a name in the Makefile of their source trees , which can be found in the git repository . [ 1 ] Kernel Version Name (Reason) 1.3.51 Greased Weasel [ 2 ] 2.2.1 Brown Paper Bag [ 3 ] 2.4.15 Greased Turkey [ 4 ] –2.6.1 None 2.6.2 – 2.6.3 – 2.6.4 – Feisty Dunnart [ 5 ] 2.6.5 – 2.6.6 – 2.6.7 – 2.6.8 – 2.6.9 Zonked Quokka [ 6 ] 2.6.10-rc1– 2.6.10 – 2.6.11 – 2.6.12 – 2.6.13 – Woozy Numbat [ 7 ] [ 8 ] 2.6.14-rc1– 2.6.14 – Affluent Albatross [ 9 ] 2.6.15-rc6– 2.6.15 – 2.6.16 – Sliding Snow Leopard [ 10 ] stable: 2.6.16.28-rc2– Stable Penguin 2.6.17-rc5 Lordi Rules [ 11 ] ( Eurovision 2006 )...

CentralNotice Disney's PK: Out of the Shadows From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation , search Disney's PK: Out of the Shadows North American cover art for PlayStation 2 Developer(s) Ubisoft Montreal Publisher(s) Ubisoft Distributor(s) Disney Interactive Platform(s) Nintendo GameCube , PlayStation 2 Release date(s) PlayStation 2 EU October 4, 2002 NA November 1, 2002 [ 1 ] GameCube EU November 29, 2002 NA December 3, 2002 [ 2 ] Genre(s) Action-adventure game Mode(s) Single-player , Multiplayer Disney's PK: Out of the Shadows , also known as Disney's Donald Duck PK or simply PK , is an action-adventure video game released in 2002 by Ubisoft . It stars Donald Duck as Paperinik or "PK" as he battles the Evron Empire. 1 Plot 2 Voice cast 3 Reception 4 References 5 External links § Plot [ edit ] Dona...

CentralNotice From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation , search Robert A. Pease Born ( 1940-08-22 ) August 22, 1940 Rockville, Connecticut Died June 18, 2011 ( 2011-06-18 ) (aged 70) Saratoga, California Nationality American Other names Bob Pease Alma mater Massachusetts Institute of Technology Occupation Electronics engineer Known for Analog integrated circuit design, technical author Religion Episcopalian [ 1 ] Robert Allen Pease (August 22, 1940 – June 18, 2011) was an analog integrated circuit design expert and technical author. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] He designed several very successful "best-seller" integrated circuits, many of them in continuous production for multiple decades. These include the LM331 voltage to frequency converter , [ 4 ] and the LM337 adjustable negative voltage regulator (complement to the LM317)....

CentralNotice From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation , search A server at http://151.227.53.142/ , which implements the protocol. Implementation of HTCPCP at http://error418.org/ . The Hyper Text Coffee Pot Control Protocol ( HTCPCP ) is a facetious communications protocol for controlling, monitoring, and diagnosing coffee pots . It is specified in RFC 2324 , published on 1 April 1998 as an April Fools' Day RFC , [ 1 ] as part of an April Fools prank . [ 2 ] An extension is published as RFC 7168 on 1 April 2014 [ 3 ] to support brewing teas, which is also an April Fools' Day RFC. 1 Protocol 2 Commands and replies 3 See also 4 References 5 External links Protocol [ edit ] RFC 2324 was written by Larry Masinter , who describes it as a satire, saying "This has a serious purpose – it identifies many of the ways in which HTTP has ...

CentralNotice Into Great Silence From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation , search Into Great Silence Promotional movie poster for the film Directed by Philip Gröning Music by monks of the Grande Chartreuse Distributed by Zeitgeist Films Release dates 2005 UK 29.12.06 Running time 162 min. Into Great Silence ( German : Die Große Stille ) is a documentary film directed by Philip Gröning that was released in 2005. It is an intimate portrayal of the everyday lives of Carthusian monks of the Grande Chartreuse , a monastery high in the French Alps ( Chartreuse Mountains ). 1 Production 2 Reception 2.1 Awards 3 See also 4 References 5 External links Production [ edit ] The idea for the film was proposed to the monks in 1984, but the Carthusians said they wanted time to think about it. They responded to Grön...

CentralNotice 1K ZX Chess From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation , search 1K ZX Chess Cover of Artic Computing's 1K ZX Chess Designer(s) David Horne Platform(s) Sinclair ZX81 Release date(s) 1983 Genre(s) Turn-based strategy Mode(s) Single-player 1K ZX Chess is a 1982 chess-playing computer program [ dubious – discuss ] for the unexpanded Sinclair ZX81 . 1 Description 2 Reception 3 See also 4 References 5 External links § Description [ edit ] 1K ZX Chess uses only 672 bytes of RAM [ 1 ] but implements most chess rules ( castling , promotion , and en passant capture are missing), and a computer opponent. [ 2 ] It was the smallest implementation of chess on any computer until its record was broken in January 2015 by the smallest completely new PC compatible BootChess , [ 3 ] although apparently artificial inte...

CentralNotice From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation , search This article includes a list of references , related reading or external links , but its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline citations . Please improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (December 2009) In mathematics, the Lebesgue covering dimension or topological dimension of a topological space is one of several different ways of defining the dimension of the space in a topologically invariant way. 1 Definition 2 Examples 3 Properties 4 History 5 See also 6 References 6.1 Historical references 6.2 Modern references 7 External links Definition [ edit ] An open cover of a topological space X is a family of open sets whose union is X . The ply of a cover is the smallest number n (if it exists) such that each point of the space belongs...