CentralNotice From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia This is the latest accepted revision , reviewed on 4 June 2015 . Jump to: navigation , search This article is about the software and network. For the organization, see The Tor Project, Inc Tor Developer(s) The Tor Project, Inc Initial release 20 September 2002 ( 2002-09-20 ) [ 1 ] Stable release 0.2.6.8 [ 2 ] (21 May 2015 ; 14 days ago ( 2015-05-21 ) ) [±] 0.2.5.12 [ 3 ] (7 April 2015 ; 58 days ago ( 2015-04-07 ) ) [±] 0.2.4.27 [ 3 ] (7 April 2015 ; 58 days ago ( 2015-04-07 ) ) [±] Preview release 0.2.7.1-alpha [ 4 ] (12 May 2015 ; 23 days ago ( 2015-05-12 ) ) [±] Development status Active Written in C [ 5 ] Operating system Microsoft Windows Unix-like ( Android , Linux , OS X ) Size 2–4 MB Type Onion routing , Anonymity License BSD Website www .torprojec...

CentralNotice From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation , search "Howard Cunningham" redirects here. For the fictional character, see Howard Cunningham (Happy Days character) . Ward Cunningham Cunningham visiting Portland, Oregon in December 2011 Born ( 1949-05-26 ) May 26, 1949 (age 66) Michigan City , Indiana, U.S. [ 1 ] Nationality American Occupation Computer programmer Years active 1984–present Known for WikiWikiWeb , the first implementation of a wiki Call-sign K9OX Howard G. "Ward" Cunningham (born May 26, 1949) is an American computer programmer from Highland, Indiana [ 2 ] who developed the first wiki . A pioneer in both design patterns and extreme programming , he started programming the software WikiWikiWeb in 1994 and installed it on the website of his software consultancy, Cunningham & Cunningham (commonly ...

CentralNotice From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation , search WikiProject Comics / Webcomics (Rated Start-class, Low-importance) Comics Wikipedia:WikiProject Comics Template:WikiProject Comics Comics articles Comics portal v t e This article is within the scope of WikiProject Comics , a collaborative effort to build an encyclopedic guide to comics on Wikipedia. Get involved ! If you like to participate, you can help with the current tasks , visit the notice board , edit the attached article or discuss it at the project's talk page . Start This article has been rated as Start-Class on the project's quality scale . This article has not yet been checked against the criteria for B-Class status: Referencing and citation: not checked Coverage and accuracy: not checked Structure: not checked Grammar and style: ...

CentralNotice From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation , search For other uses, see Scheduling . Job shop scheduling (or job-shop problem) is an optimization problem in computer science and operations research in which ideal jobs are assigned to resources at particular times. The most basic version is as follows: We are given n jobs J 1 , J 2 , ..., J n of varying sizes, which need to be scheduled on m identical machines, while trying to minimize the makespan. The makespan is the total length of the schedule (that is, when all the jobs have finished processing). Nowadays, the problem is presented as an online problem (dynamic scheduling), that is, each job is presented, and the online algorithm needs to make a decision about that job before the next job is presented. This problem is one of the best known online problems, and was the first problem for ...

CentralNotice From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation , search This biographical article needs additional citations for verification . Please help by adding reliable sources . Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately , especially if potentially libelous or harmful. (September 2012) Zach Hill Zach Hill in 2012 Background information Born ( 1979-12-28 ) December 28, 1979 (age 35) Genres Experimental rock , noise rock , math rock , experimental hip hop , electronic Occupation(s) Musician , drummer , visual artist , screenwriter , director Instruments Drums , vocals , sampler , guitar , bass guitar , piano , synthesizer , cornet , trumpet , melodica Years active 1999–present Labels 5 Rue Christine , Ache , Anticon , Deathbomb Arc, Epic , Ipecac , Joy...

CentralNotice From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation , search Richard E. Byrd Byrd in 1928 Birth name Richard Evelyn Byrd, Jr. Born ( 1888-10-25 ) October 25, 1888 Winchester, Virginia Died March 11, 1957 ( 1957-03-11 ) (aged 68) Boston, Massachusetts Place of burial Arlington National Cemetery Allegiance United States Service/branch United States Navy Years of service 1912–1927 1940–1947 Rank Rear Admiral Battles/wars World War I World War II Awards Medal of Honor Navy Cross Navy Distinguished Service Medal Distinguished Flying Cross Legion of Merit Congressional Gold Medal Rear Admiral Richard E. Byrd, Jr. , USN (25 October 1888 – 11 March 1957) was an American naval officer who specialized in feats of exploration. He was a pioneering American aviator, polar explorer, and organizer of pola...

CentralNotice From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation , search This article does not cite any references or sources . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . (September 2007) A V24 engine is a V engine with 24 cylinders , suitable only for very large trucks or locomotives . M.C.72 aircraft engine Unlike smaller V16 and V20 engines, very few V24s were originally designed with 24 cylinders. The majority of these engines are formed by coupling multiple smaller engines together. For example, a very large V24, the AS.6 , engine was built by Fiat in the early 1930s as a powerplant for the competition aeroplane Macchi M.C.72 . This engine was in reality formed by mounting two Fiat AS.5 V12s, one behind the other, obtaining a total displacement of over 50 litre...

CentralNotice From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation , search For other uses, see V5 . This article does not cite any references or sources . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . (September 2007) The V5 engine is a V form engine with five cylinders . Volkswagen Group [ edit ] Volkswagen introduced the first "V5" engine, though this engine is actually a narrow-angle VR5 (i.e., an inline-Vee with a common head). The engine is derived from the VR6 , and is thus a staggered 5 with three cylinders on one bank and two on the other. Volkswagen's VR5 is a 2.3 litre gasoline engine descending directly from the older VR6 from which VW removed a cylinder, creating the first block to use five cylinders in a V design. The first version, with 2.3 L capacity, was cap...

CentralNotice From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation , search The Miller–Rabin primality test or Rabin–Miller primality test is a primality test : an algorithm which determines whether a given number is prime , similar to the Fermat primality test and the Solovay–Strassen primality test . Its original version, due to Gary L. Miller , is deterministic , but the determinism relies on the unproven generalized Riemann hypothesis ; [ 1 ] Michael O. Rabin modified it to obtain an unconditional probabilistic algorithm . [ 2 ] 1 Concepts 2 Example 3 Least strong pseudoprime to base n 4 Algorithm and running time 5 Accuracy of the test 6 Deterministic variants of the test 7 Notes 8 External links Concepts [ edit ] Just like the Fermat and Solovay–Strassen tests, the Miller–Rabin test relies on an equality or set of equalities that hold true f...

CentralNotice From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation , search The examples and perspective in this article may not represent a worldwide view of the subject . Please improve this article and discuss the issue on the talk page . (February 2014) Nylanderia fulva Scientific classification Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Arthropoda Class: Insecta Order: Hymenoptera Family: Formicidae Subfamily: Formicinae Genus: Nylanderia Species: N. fulva Binomial name Nylanderia fulva Mayr 1862 [ 1 ] Synonyms Prenolepis fulva The Rasberry crazy ant or tawny crazy ant , Nylanderia fulva , is an ant originating from South America. Like the longhorn crazy ant ( Paratrechina longicornis ), this species is called "crazy ant" because of its quick, erratic movements. It is also called the "Rasberry crazy ant" in Te...

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CentralNotice From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation , search An example of a radix tree In computer science , a radix tree (also patricia trie , radix trie or compact prefix tree ) is a data structure that represents a space-optimized trie in which each node with only one child is merged with its child. The result is that every internal node has up to the number of children of the radix r of the radix trie, where r is a positive integer and a power x of 2, having x ≥ 1. Unlike in regular tries, edges can be labeled with sequences of elements as well as single elements. This makes them much more efficient for small sets (especially if the strings are long) and for sets of strings that share long prefixes. Unlike regular trees (where whole keys are compared en masse from their beginning up to the point of inequality), the key at each node is com...

CentralNotice From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation , search Not to be confused with longest common subsequence problem . In computer science , the longest common substring problem is to find the longest string (or strings) that is a substring (or are substrings) of two or more strings. 1 Example 2 Problem definition 3 Algorithms 3.1 Suffix tree 3.2 Dynamic programming 4 Pseudocode 5 See also 6 References 7 External links Example [ edit ] The longest common substring of the strings "ABABC", "BABCA" and "ABCBA" is string "ABC" of length 3. Other common substrings are "A", "AB", "B", "BA", "BC" and "C". ABABC ||| BABCA ||| ABCBA Problem definition [ edit ] Given two strings, of length and of length , find the longest strings which are substrings of both and . A generalisation is the k-common substring problem . G...

CentralNotice From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation , search For the human sexual behavior, see Frot . Two individuals of Pseudobiceros bedfordi preparing for penis fencing. P. bedfordi is exceptional in that it applies sperm onto the partner's skin rather than injecting it. Penis fencing is a mating behavior engaged in by certain species of flatworm , such as Pseudobiceros hancockanus . Species which engage in the practice are hermaphroditic ; each individual has both egg-producing ovaries and sperm-producing testes . [ 1 ] The flatworms " fence " using two-headed dagger -like penises which are pointed, and white in color. The mating ritual involves a violent battle during which two hermaphroditic flatworms attempt to pierce the skin of one another with one of their penises. One organism will inseminate the other; this flatworm becomes the f...

CentralNotice From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation , search "Bushu" redirects here. For the former Japanese province , see Musashi Province . In the Chinese character 媽 mā "mother", the left part is the radical 女 nǚ "female". In this case the radical is the semantic component of a phono-semantic compound, while the right part, 馬 mǎ "horse", is the phonetic component. Chinese characters Scripts Precursors Oracle-bone Bronze Seal ( bird-worm large small ) Clerical Regular Semi-cursive Cursive Type styles Imitation Song Ming Sans-serif Properties Strokes ( order ) Radicals Classification Variants Character-form standards Kangxi Dictionary Xin Zixing General Standard Chinese Characters (PRC) Graphemes of Commonly-used Chinese Characters (Hong Kong) Standard Typefaces for C...

CentralNotice Sauna From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation , search The topic of this article may not meet Wikipedia's notability guideline for films . Please help to establish notability by adding reliable, secondary sources about the topic. If notability cannot be established, the article is likely to be merged , redirected , or deleted . Find sources: "Sauna (film)" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR · free images (October 2011) Sauna Directed by Antti-Jussi Annila Produced by Jesse Fryckman Tero Kaukomaa Written by Iiro Küttner Starring Ville Virtanen Tommi Eronen Viktor Klimenko Music by Panu Aaltio Cinematography Henri Blomberg Edited by Joona Louhivuori Production company Bronson Club Distributed by Sandrew Metronome Release dates September 5, 2008 ( 2008-09-...

CentralNotice From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation , search In the mathematical discipline of graph theory , a feedback vertex set of a graph is a set of vertices whose removal leaves a graph without cycles . In other words, each feedback vertex set contains at least one vertex of any cycle in the graph. The feedback vertex set problem is an NP-complete problem in computational complexity theory . It was among the first problems shown to be NP-complete . It has wide applications in operating systems , database systems , and VLSI chip design. 1 Definition 2 NP-hardness 3 Exact algorithms 4 Approximation 5 Bounds 6 Applications 7 Notes 8 References 8.1 Research articles 8.2 Textbooks and survey articles Definition [ edit ] The decision problem is as follows: INSTANCE: An (undirected or directed) graph and a positive integer . ...

CentralNotice From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation , search This article is about the malt liquor. For the Catholic saint, see Saint Ita . This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (March 2013) St. Ides Manufacturer Pabst Brewing Company Alcohol by volume 8.2% Style Malt Liquor St. Ides is a malt liquor manufactured by the Pabst Brewing Company . The beverage contains 8.2% alcohol by volume, which is stronger than many high-alcohol malt liquors. It was launched by the McKenzie River Corporation in 1987. St. Ides gained prominence during the late 1980s and early 1990s through the use of celebrity endorsements by rap artists . The beer is also available in a number of "St. Ides Special ...

CentralNotice From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation , search For other uses, see Camping (disambiguation) . Camping in the Kullu District of Himachal Pradesh , India Camping is an elective outdoor recreational activity. Generally held, participants leave developed areas to spend time outdoors in more natural ones in pursuit of activities providing them enjoyment. To be regarded as "camping" a minimum of one night is spent outdoors, distinguishing it from day-tripping, picnicking, and other similarly short-term recreational activities. Camping may involve sheltering in the open air, a tent , caravan , motorhome , or primitive structure. Luxury may be an element, as in early 20th century African safaris , but including accommodations in fully equipped fixed structures such as high-end sporting camps under the banner of "camping" blurs the line. ...

CentralNotice Arbeit macht frei From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation , search For the album, see Arbeit macht frei (album) . At Auschwitz I 50°01′39″N 19°12′11″E  /  50.027606°N 19.203088°E  / 50.027606; 19.203088  ( Site of Auschwitz I entrance with Arbeit Macht Frei "Work Makes Free" Gate ) Theresienstadt in the Czech Republic 50°30′50″N 14°09′55″E  /  50.513924°N 14.165352°E  / 50.513924; 14.165352  ( Site of Theresienstadt entrance with Arbeit Macht Frei "Labour Makes Free" Gate ) " Arbeit macht frei " ( German pronunciation: [ˈaɐ̯baɪt ˈmaxt ˈfʁaɪ] ) is a German phrase meaning "work makes (you) free." [ 1 ] The slogan was placed over the entrances to a number of Nazi concentration camps during World War II , including Auschwitz I , where it was made by prisoners with metalwork skills and erected by order of the Nazis in...

CentralNotice From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation , search Not to be confused with computer science . Computational science (also scientific computing or scientific computation ) is concerned with constructing mathematical models and quantitative analysis techniques and using computers to analyze and solve scientific problems. [ 1 ] [ citation needed ] In practical use, it is typically the application of computer simulation and other forms of computation from numerical analysis and theoretical computer science to problems in various scientific disciplines. The field is different from theory and laboratory experiment which are the traditional forms of science and engineering . The scientific computing approach is to gain understanding, mainly through the analysis of mathematical models implemented on computers . Scientists and engineers develop co...

CentralNotice From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation , search "Boston bomber" redirects here. For the Douglas Boston bomber aircraft, see Douglas A-20 Havoc . Boston Marathon bombings The area of the first blast a few minutes after the explosion Location Bombings: 671–673 and 755 Boylston Street, Boston, Massachusetts Shooting: Corner of Vassar Street and Main Street in Cambridge, Massachusetts [ 1 ] Firefight and manhunt: Watertown, Massachusetts Date Bombings: April 15, 2013 ( 2013-04-15 ) , 2:49 pm EDT Shooting: April 18, 2013 , 10:48 pm EDT Firefight and manhunt: April 19, 2013, 12:30 am – 8:42 pm EDT Attack type Bombing , [ 2 ] shootout, lone wolf [ 3 ] Weapons Bombing: Two pressure cooker bombs Shooting: 9mm Ruger P95 semi-automatic pistol Firefight: Improvised explosive devices 9mm Ruger P95 semi-au...

CentralNotice From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation , search Play media The Dancing Links algorithm solving a polycube puzzle In computer science , Dancing Links , also known as DLX , is the technique suggested by Donald Knuth to efficiently implement his Algorithm X . [ 1 ] Algorithm X is a recursive , nondeterministic , depth-first , backtracking algorithm that finds all solutions to the exact cover problem. Some of the better-known exact cover problems include tiling , the n queens problem , and Sudoku . The name Dancing Links comes from the way the algorithm works, as iterations of the algorithm cause the links to "dance" with partner links so as to resemble an "exquisitely choreographed dance." Knuth credits Hiroshi Hitotsumatsu and Kōhei Noshita with having invented the idea in 1979, [ 2 ] but it is his paper which has popularized it. ...

CentralNotice From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation , search For the 11th century battle in the Byzantine conquest of the Mezzogiorno, see Battle of Cannae (1018) . Battle of Cannae Part of the Second Punic War Hannibal's route of invasion. Date 2 August 216 BC Location Cannae , Italy 41°18′23″N 16°7′57″E  /  41.30639°N 16.13250°E  / 41.30639; 16.13250 Coordinates : 41°18′23″N 16°7′57″E  /  41.30639°N 16.13250°E  / 41.30639; 16.13250 Result Carthaginian victory [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Belligerents Carthaginian Republic Allied African, Spanish, and Gallic tribes Roman Republic Allied Italian states Commanders and leaders Hannibal , Maharbal , Mago Gaius Terentius Varro , Lucius Aemilius Paullus † Strength 50,000: 32,000 heavy infantry, 8,000 light infantry, 10,000 cavalry 86,400: 40,000 Roman infa...

CentralNotice From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation , search The field of nuclear semiotics arose in 1981 when a team of engineers, anthropologists, nuclear physicists, behavioral scientists and others was convened on behalf of the U.S. Department of Energy and Bechtel Corp. The goal of this " Human Interference Task Force " was to find a way to reduce the likelihood of future humans unintentionally intruding on radioactive waste isolation systems. Specifically, the task force was to research ways to prevent future access to the deep geological nuclear repository of Yucca Mountain . 1 Problem 2 Proposals 3 Answers 3.1 Thomas Sebeok 3.2 Stanisław Lem 3.3 Françoise Bastide and Paolo Fabbri 3.4 Vilmos Voigt 3.5 Emil Kowalski 4 See also 5 References 6 Further reading 7 External links Problem [ edit ] When atomic or fusion bombs ar...