CentralNotice From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation , search Not to be confused with the dry tobacco product, Snuff (tobacco) . Snus, made of tobacco, salt, and sodium carbonate "White portion" snus of the Swedish label General Snus ( / ˈ s n uː s / ; Swedish pronunciation: [snʉːs] ) is a moist powder tobacco product originating from a variant of dry snuff in early 18th-century Sweden . It is placed under the upper lip for extended periods. Snus is not fermented and contains no added sweeteners. Although used similarly to American dipping tobacco , snus does not typically result in the need for spitting and, unlike naswar , snus is steam-pasteurized. Snus is commonly sold in the Nordic countries but sale is illegal in all the European Union except Sweden. [1] [2] Local varieties of snus, growing in popularity in the United States , have ...

CentralNotice From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation , search Not to be confused with Kirchhoff's laws (disambiguation) . In cryptography , Kerckhoffs' principle (also called Kerckhoffs' desideratum , Kerckhoffs' assumption , axiom , doctrine or law ) was stated by Dutch cryptographer Auguste Kerckhoffs in the 19th century: A cryptosystem should be secure even if everything about the system, except the key , is public knowledge. Kerckhoffs' principle was reformulated (or perhaps independently formulated) by American mathematician Claude Shannon as "the enemy knows the system", [1] i.e., "one ought to design systems under the assumption that the enemy will immediately gain full familiarity with them". In that form, it is called Shannon's maxim . In contrast to " security through obscurity ", it is widely embraced by cryptographers. 1 Origins 2 ...

CentralNotice From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation , search Hurricane Isabel , as seen from the International Space Station in September 2003. The list of Category 5 Atlantic hurricanes encompasses 32 tropical cyclones that reached Category 5 strength on the Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale within the Atlantic Ocean (north of the equator ), Caribbean Sea and Gulf of Mexico . Hurricanes of such intensity are somewhat infrequent in the Atlantic basin, occurring only once every three years on average. Only five times—in the 1932 , 1933 , 1961 , 2005 , and 2007 hurricane seasons—has more than one Category 5 hurricane formed. Only in 2005 have more than two Category 5 hurricanes formed, and only in 2007 has more than one made landfall at Category 5 strength. [1] 1 Background 2 Systems 3 Listed by month 4 Landfalls 5 See also 6 Refe...

CentralNotice From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation , search Parts of this article (those related to New TLDs: http://newgtlds.icann.org/en/program-status/delegated-strings ) need to be updated . Please update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (March 2014) This list of Internet top-level domain extensions contains top-level domains , which are those domains in the DNS root zone of the Domain Name System of the Internet . The official list of all top-level domains is maintained by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) at the Root Zone Database [1] [2] IANA also oversees the approval process for new proposed top-level domains . As of February 2017 [update] , the root domain contains 1528 top-level domains, [3] while a few have been retired and are no longer functional. 1 Types 2 Original top-...

CentralNotice From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation , search This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (August 2008) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) ‹ The template Infobox organization is being considered for merging . › L0pht Heavy Industries LHI Logo Formation 1992 Extinction 2000 Purpose Hacker think tank Location United States Origin Boston , Massachusetts Founders Count Zero White Knight Brian Oblivion Golgo 13 Products L0phtCrack Affiliations CULT OF THE DEAD COW Website Main Site L0pht Heavy Industries (pronounced "loft") was a hacker collective active between 1992 and 2000 and located in the Boston , Massachusetts ...

CentralNotice Concrete Island From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation , search Concrete Island Cover of first edition (hardcover) Author J. G. Ballard Country United Kingdom Language English Publisher Jonathan Cape Publication date 1974 Media type Print ( Hardcover & Paperback ) Pages 176 pp ISBN 0-224-00970-2 OCLC 3207706 Dewey Decimal 823/.9/14 LC Class PZ4.B1893 Co PR6052.A46 Concrete Island is a novel by British writer J. G. Ballard , first published in 1974. 1 Plot introduction 2 Adaptations 3 References 4 External links Plot introduction [ edit ] In a twisted adaptation of Robinson Crusoe , the story's protagonist , Robert Maitland, a wealthy architect, finds himself stranded in a manmade 'island' (a section of fenced-off wasteland in the middle of a motorway intersection) betwe...

CentralNotice From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation , search For other uses, see Omen (disambiguation) . This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (April 2008) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) Examples of omens from the Nuremberg Chronicle (1493): natural phenomena and unnatural births. Manuscript of the mid-nineteenth century, possibly of Sgaw Karen origin, shows various appearances in the sun, the moon, clouds, etc., and indicates the primarily bad omens these appearances foretell. Explanations in English were added to this manuscript by a nineteenth-century American missionary [1] An omen (also called portent or presage ) is a phenomenon that is believed to foretel...

CentralNotice From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation , search This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page . ( Learn how and when to remove these template messages ) This article possibly contains original research . Please improve it by verifying the claims made and adding inline citations . Statements consisting only of original research should be removed. (March 2013) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (November 2016) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) Flaming is a hostile and insulting int...

CentralNotice Shalimar the Clown From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation , search Shalimar the Clown First edition Author Salman Rushdie Country United Kingdom Language English Publisher Jonathan Cape Publication date 6 September 2005 Media type Print (hardback) Pages 398 pp. (first edition, hardback) Awards Man Booker Prize Nominee for Longlist (2005), Vodafone Crossword Book Award for Fiction (2005) ISBN 978-0224077842 OCLC 61855166 Preceded by Fury Followed by The Enchantress of Florence Shalimar the Clown is a 2005 novel by Salman Rushdie . [1] [2] [3] [4] The novel took 4 years for Rushdie to write, [5] and was initially published on 6 September 2005 by Jonathan Cape . Shalimar the Clown derives its name from Shalimar Gardens , in the vicinity of Srinagar . Srinagar is one of several Mughal ...

CentralNotice From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation , search This article may have too many section headers dividing up its content . Please help improve the article by merging similar sections and removing unneeded subheaders. (March 2017) This article may be too technical for most readers to understand . Please help improve it to make it understandable to non-experts , without removing the technical details. The talk page may contain suggestions. (March 2017) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) C++11 is a version of the standard for the programming language C++ . It was approved by International Organization for Standardization (ISO) on 12 August 2011, replacing C++03 , [1] superseded by C++14 on 18 August 2014 [2] and later, by C++17 , which is still under development. The name follows the tradition of naming l...

CentralNotice The Lost Vikings From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation , search This article possibly contains original research . Please improve it by verifying the claims made and adding inline citations . Statements consisting only of original research should be removed. (July 2017) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) The Lost Vikings Packaging for the Super NES version. Developer(s) Silicon & Synapse Publisher(s) Interplay Entertainment (1992), Blizzard Entertainment (2003) Designer(s) Ron Millar Composer(s) Allister Brimble ( Amiga and Amiga CD32 conversion) Charles Deenen (original SNES music) Matt Furniss ( Genesis music) Glenn Stafford ( DOS conversion) Platform(s) Amiga , Amiga CD32 , Game Boy Advance , MS-DOS , Mega Drive/Genesis , Super NES , PlayStation Release 1992, 2003 Genre(...

CentralNotice From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation , search This article includes a list of references , but its sources remain unclear because it has insufficient inline citations . Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (December 2011) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) Part of a series on File sharing Technologies Peer to peer File hosting services Web hosting Networks and protocols BitTorrent Direct Connect eDonkey Freenet GNUnet Gnutella / (2) RetroShare ZeroNet Development and societal aspects Timeline Legality BitTorrent issues Non-public file sharing Anonymous P2P Friend-to-friend Darknet Private P2P Websites and services 1337x ExtraTorrent isoHunt OpenBitTorrent Rarbg The Pirate Bay Torrent Project KickassTorrents Clients ...

CentralNotice From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation , search This article is about (groups of) people who have disappeared. For disappearances associated with ships, see List of missing ships . For disappearances associated with aircraft, see List of missing aircraft . This is a list of people who disappeared mysteriously , and of people whose current whereabouts are unknown or whose deaths are not substantiated, as well as a few cases of people whose disappearances were notable and remained unexplained for a long time, but were eventually explained, or the body found. Many people who disappear are eventually declared dead in absentia . 1 Before 1800 2 1800 to 1899 3 1900s 4 1910s 5 1920s 6 1930s 7 1940s 8 1950s 9 1960s 10 1970s 10.1 1970 10.2 1971 10.3 1972 10.4 1973 10.5 1974 10.6 1975 10.7 1976 10.8 1977 10.9 1978 10.10 ...

CentralNotice From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation , search Coordinates : 30°46′17″N 85°56′53″W  /  30.77149°N 85.94812°W  / 30.77149; -85.94812 This article is about the scuba diver who went missing in 2010. For the college football player and coach, see Ben McDaniels . Benjamin J. McDaniel McDaniel in diving gear Born ( 1980-04-15 ) April 15, 1980 Memphis, Tennessee , US Disappeared August 18, 2010 (aged 30) Vortex Spring , Florida Status Missing for 6 years, 10 months and 22 days Nationality American Known for Disappearance while scuba diving On August 20, 2010, employees in the dive shop at Vortex Spring , north of Ponce de Leon, Florida , United States, noticed that a pickup truck had remained in the shop's parking lot for the previous two days. It belonged to Ben McDaniel (born April 15, 1980), [1] a Tennes...

CentralNotice From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation , search 1877 Vanity Fair caricature of John Douglas, Marquess of Queensberry. The caption reads "A good light weight" The Marquess of Queensberry rules is a code of generally accepted rules in the sport of boxing . Drafted in London in 1865 and published in 1867, they were named so as John Douglas, 9th Marquess of Queensberry publicly endorsed the code, [1] although they were written by a Welsh sportsman named John Graham Chambers . The code of rules on which modern boxing is based, the Queensberry rules were the first to mandate boxing gloves in boxing. [2] The Queensberry rules superseded the Revised London Prize Ring rules (1853), and are intended for use in both professional and amateur boxing matches, thus separating it from the less popular American Fair Play Rules, which were strictly ...

CentralNotice From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation , search This article relies too much on references to primary sources . Please improve this by adding secondary or tertiary sources . (February 2013) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) Distributed Replicated Block Device Overview of DRBD concept Original author(s) Philipp Reisner, Lars Ellenberg Developer(s) HA-SolutionS GmbH, Vienna and LINBIT USA LLC, Oregon Stable release 9.0.5 (DRBD SDS), 8.4.9 (DRBD HA) / 21 October 2016 ; 7 months ago ( 2016-10-21 ) Development status Production Written in C Operating system Linux Type Distributed storage system License GNU General Public License v2 Website drbd .org DRBD is a distributed replicated storage system for the Linux platform. It is implemented as a kernel driver, s...

CentralNotice From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation , search "Cassandra Complex" redirects here. For other uses, see Cassandra Complex (disambiguation) . Painting of Cassandra by Evelyn De Morgan The Cassandra metaphor (variously labelled the Cassandra ' syndrome ' , ' complex ' , ' phenomenon ' , ' predicament ' , ' dilemma ' , or ' curse ' ) occurs when valid warnings or concerns are dismissed or disbelieved. The term originates in Greek mythology . Cassandra was a daughter of Priam , the King of Troy . Struck by her beauty, Apollo provided her with the gift of prophecy , but when Cassandra refused Apollo's romantic advances, he placed a curse ensuring that nobody would believe her warnings. Cassandra was left with the knowledge of future events, but could neither alter these events nor convince others of the validity of her predictions. T...

CentralNotice From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation , search This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (April 2008) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) MaxiCode example. This encodes the string "Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia" MaxiCode is a public domain , machine-readable symbol system originally created and used by United Parcel Service . Suitable for tracking and managing the shipment of packages, it resembles a barcode , but uses dots arranged in a hexagonal grid instead of bars. MaxiCode has been standardised under ISO/IEC 16023. [1] A MaxiCode symbol (internally called " Bird's Eye ", " Target ", " dense code ", or " UPS code ") appears as a 1 inch square, with a bulls...

CentralNotice From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation , search This incomplete list is not intended to be exhaustive. This list of common misconceptions corrects erroneous beliefs that are currently widely held about notable topics. Each misconception and the corresponding facts have been discussed in published literature. Note that each entry is formatted as a correction; the misconceptions themselves are implied rather than stated. 1 Arts and culture 1.1 Food and cooking 1.2 Law, crime, and military 1.3 Literature 1.4 Music 1.5 Religion 1.5.1 Buddhism 1.5.2 Christianity and Judaism 1.5.3 Islam 1.6 Sports 1.7 Words, phrases and languages 2 History 2.1 Ancient to early modern history 2.2 Modern history 3 Science and technology 3.1 Astronomy 3.2 Biology 3.2.1 Vertebrates 3.2.2 Invertebrates 3.2.3 Plants 3.2.4 Evolutio...

CentralNotice From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation , search Pillories were a common form of punishment. Public humiliation is the dishonoring showcase of a person, usually an offender or a prisoner , especially in a public place. It was regularly used as a form of punishment in former times, and is still practiced by different means in the modern era. In the United States it was common in the 19th century and fell out of common use in the 20th century, though it has seen a revival starting in the 1990s. [1] 1 Shameful exposure 2 Corporal punishment 2.1 Public punishment 2.2 Torture marks 3 Psychological effects 4 See also 5 References 6 Further reading Shameful exposure [ edit ] Flute of Shame displayed at the Torture Museum in Amsterdam . Man and woman undergoing public exposure for adultery in Japan, around 1860...

CentralNotice From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation , search This article is about psychological, philosophical, and societal aspects of shame. For other uses, see Shame (disambiguation) . Eve covers herself and lowers her head in shame in Rodin's Eve after the Fall . Part of a series on Emotions Affection Anger Angst Anguish Annoyance Anticipation Anxiety Apathy Arousal Awe Boredom Confidence Contempt Contentment Courage Curiosity Depression Desire Despair Disappointment Disgust Distrust Ecstasy Embarrassment Empathy Envy Euphoria Fear Frustration Gratitude Grief Guilt Happiness Hatred Hope Horror Hostility Humiliation Interest Jealousy Joy Loneliness Love Lust Outrage Panic Passion Pity Pleasure Pride Rage Regret Remorse Resentment Sadness Saudade Schadenfreude Self-confidence Shame Shock Shyness Sorrow Suffering Surprise Trust ...

CentralNotice From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation , search This article does not cite any sources . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . (April 2007) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) Points race at Home Depot Center , Carson, California . A points race is a mass start track cycling event involving large numbers of riders simultaneously on track. It was an Olympic event for men between 1984–2008 and for women 1996–2008. Starting in 2012, the points race is one of the omnium events in the Olympics. 1 Description and tactics 2 Variations 2.1 The Snowball 2.2 Point-a-Lap 2.3 Tempo Description and tactics [ edit ] This race can be one of the more confusing races to watch for less familiar viewers. Put simply, it ...

CentralNotice From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation , search Business administration Management of a business Types of business Company Joint-stock company Limited liability company Privately held company Conglomerate State-owned enterprise Business entity Cooperative Sole proprietorship Partnership Corporation Corporate governance Annual general meeting Board of directors Supervisory board Advisory board Corporate titles Chairman Chief executive officer (CEO) Chief financial officer (CFO) Chief information officer (CIO) Chief human resources officer (CHRO) Chief business officer (CBO) Chief technology officer (CTO) Economy Commodity Public economics Labour economics Development economics International economics Mixed economy Planned economy Econometrics Environmental economics Open economy Market...

CentralNotice From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation , search It has been suggested that this article be merged with physical neural network . ( Discuss ) Proposed since February 2015. Neuromorphic engineering , also known as neuromorphic computing , [1] [2] [3] is a concept developed by Carver Mead , [4] in the late 1980s, describing the use of very-large-scale integration (VLSI) systems containing electronic analog circuits to mimic neuro-biological architectures present in the nervous system. [5] In recent times the term neuromorphic has been used to describe analog, digital, mixed-mode analog/digital VLSI, and software systems that implement models of neural systems (for perception , motor control , or multisensory integration ). The implementation of neuromorphic computing on the hardware level can be realized by oxide-based memristors , [...

CentralNotice From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation , search This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page . ( Learn how and when to remove these template messages ) This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (April 2017) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) This article possibly contains original research . Please improve it by verifying the claims made and adding inline citations . Statements consisting only of original research should be removed. (April 2017) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) Internet An Opte Project visualizati...